South Africa exhibits one of the highest levels of income inequality globally, reflecting persistent spatial exclusion. This ...

We build the first global quarterly narrative database of discretionary government spending actions by applying a fixed GPT–4 ...

This paper studies the macroeconomic consequences of undermining central bank independence through politically motivated ...

Building foreign exchange reserves requires sound policies and takes time, but global efforts to lower the cost of holding ...

Crime shocks are frequent and disruptive, often heightening public concerns about violence and personal safety. Yet little is ...

This note presents the key updates and revenue development highlights of the 2026 version of the IMF's World Revenue ...

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) will close its Resident Representative Office in Paramaribo, Suriname, effective end ...

After the global financial crisis, the monetary-fiscal policy mix was the key to preventing a more severe and persistent ...

This paper develops a theory of sovereign debt sustainability driven by the government’s motive for redistribution. It studies a heterogeneous-agent small open economy in which redistribution relies ...

Many highly indebted advanced economies face a grim fiscal outlook. Under current policies, the public debt ratios of ...

Thailand’s Ministry of Finance, the Bank of Thailand, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) today took stock of preparations for the 2026 Annual Meetings of the IMF and the World Bank Group, which ...

South Africa stands out as having one of the most restrictive business environments among peers. Burdensome government regulations, especially for licensing and permitting, weak procurement practices, ...