South Africa exhibits one of the highest levels of income inequality globally, reflecting persistent spatial exclusion. This ...

This paper studies the macroeconomic consequences of undermining central bank independence through politically motivated ...

Building foreign exchange reserves requires sound policies and takes time, but global efforts to lower the cost of holding ...

After the global financial crisis, the monetary-fiscal policy mix was the key to preventing a more severe and persistent ...

Crime shocks are frequent and disruptive, often heightening public concerns about violence and personal safety. Yet little is ...

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) will close its Resident Representative Office in Paramaribo, Suriname, effective end ...

This note presents the key updates and revenue development highlights of the 2026 version of the IMF's World Revenue ...

This paper develops a theory of sovereign debt sustainability driven by the government’s motive for redistribution. It studies a heterogeneous-agent small open economy in which redistribution relies ...

We build the first global quarterly narrative database of discretionary government spending actions by applying a fixed GPT–4.1 prompt to Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Country Reports. The ...

Many highly indebted advanced economies face a grim fiscal outlook. Under current policies, the public debt ratios of ...

The small developing states (SDS) have unique economic characteristics and face specific constraints that shape their economic performance. We study a set of key challenges facing SDS using the case ...

An International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff team led by Ms. Aliona Cebotari visited Libreville from February 25 to March 6, 2026, to conduct technical discussions with the authorities on recent ...